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''Securigera varia'' (synonym ''Coronilla varia''), commonly known as crownvetch or purple crown vetch, is a low-growing legume vine. It is native to Africa, Asia and Europe and is commonly used throughout the United States and Canada for erosion control, roadside planting and soil rehabilitation. It has become an invasive species in many states of the US. Crownvetch grows 1 to 2 feet tall and bears small clusters of 1/2-inch pink and white flowers from early summer to late fall. The variety Penngift produces mounds of pink flowers. Crownvetch is a tough, aggressive spreading plant that will crowd out its neighbors in a show garden but is well suited to a sunny bank, where it will grow for decades with little to no fertilizing, mowing, or weeding since the thick foliage prevents weeds from growing amongst it.〔OSC Seeds. (n.d.). Crownvetch. Retrieved from http://www.oscseeds.com/ecommerce/-ground--cover-seed/Crownvetch.htm〕 Its deep, tenacious, complex root system 〔Gustine, D. L., & Moyer, B. G. (1990). Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.). In Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (pp. 341-354). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.〕 and thick, fern-like leaves provide excellent erosion control where it is used as a ground cover. However, this legume has a very long germination period of about 6 months and does not create full coverage until two or three years later.〔 ==Forage== Crownvetch is toxic to horses and other non-ruminants because of the presence of nitroglycosides. If consumed in large amounts, it can cause slow growth, paralysis, or even death. However, this is not true for ruminant animals such as cattle, goats, and sheep.〔 These aliphatic nitro compounds are degraded in ruminant digestion and do not affect the animals.〔Moyer BG, Gustine DL. 1984. Regeneration of Coronilla varia L. (crownvetch) plants from callus culture. Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 3, 143-148. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00033735〕 Crownvetch was originally labeled as a poor forage for farm animals but more recently it has been deemed as a good forage when fed as hay to or grazed by ruminants.〔Burns JC, Cope WA. 1974. Nutritive Value of Crownvetch Forage as Influenced by Structural Constituents and Phenolic and Tannin Compounds. Agronomy Journal, 66, p 195-200. Retrieved from https://www-agronomy-org.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/publications/aj/abstracts/66/2/AJ0660020195〕 It consists of 21.7% crude protein and 22.2% crude fibre.〔 In an experiment involving the digestibility of crownvetch in sheep, it was found that the crude protein is 65.6% and the crude fibre is 46.2% digestible which is similar, but slightly less than the digestibility of alfalfa forage.〔Reynolds PJ, Jackson C, Lindahl IL, Henson PR. 1967. Consumption and Digestibility of Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) Forage by Sheep. Agronomy Journal, 59, p 589-591. Retrieved from https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj/abstracts/59/6/AJ0590060589〕 As previously mentioned, this only applies to ruminant animals as it is toxic to non-ruminants.〔 Crownvetch has been identified as an invasive in several midwestern states. It is very hard to eradicate once established.〔Indiana Dept of Natural Resources ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Securigera varia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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